ABSTRACT
Fifteen tissues of 4-year-old fruit repining stage Jilin ginseng were chosen as materials, six kinds of monomer saponins (ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd) content in 15 tissues was measured by HPLC and vanillin-sulfuric acid method. The relative expression of FPS, SQS, SQE, OSC, β-AS and P450 genes in 15 tissues was analyzed by real-time PCR. The correlations between ginseng saponin content in 15 tissues of Jilin ginseng and biosynthetic pathway -related genes were obtained. The results showed that was a synergistic increase and decrease trend of positive linear correlation among six kinds of monomer saponin content, and there was a significantly (P < 0.01) positive correlation between monomer saponin content and total saponins content. Monomer saponin content and 6 kinds of enzyme gene correlation were different. Biosynthesis of ginseng total saponins and monomer saponin were regulated by six kinds of participation ginsenoside biosynthesis enzyme genes, the expression of these six kinds of genes in different tissues of ginseng showed collaborative increase and decrease trend, and regulated biosynthesis of ginseng ginsenoside by group coordinative manner.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Gene Expression Profiling , Panax , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Plant Structures , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Saponins , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore ginseng fermentation process by Lactobacillus plantarum, and to make part of total saponins transformed into more reactive ginsenoside Rd.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Microbial fermentation was carried out by still dark culture. Total saponins were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, and determined by UV visible spectrophotometry with colours reaction by vanillin-sulfuric acid. Ginsenoside Rd was determined by HPLC method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The fermentation process was: MRS medium, 35 degrees C, pH 5.0, cultured for 2 days. The content of total saponins was inhance 32%, and the content of ginsenoside Rd was increased 4.864 mg x g(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fermentation system's process was reasonable, and it's suitable for mass production, important significance for ginsenoside microbial transformation.</p>
Subject(s)
Biotransformation , Culture Media , Chemistry , Metabolism , Fermentation , Ginsenosides , Chemistry , Metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactobacillus plantarum , Chemistry , Metabolism , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the biological accumulation of total ginsenosides and their monomers, and determine their relationships with the expression of squalene synthase (SQS) and squalene epoxidase (SQE) genes that are involved in the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway in different organs of Panax quinquefolius. Methods: Fourteen organs of four year-old P. quinquefolius were used as materials. Total ginsenosides were extracted using the Soxhlet ginsenoside extraction method, and the contents of total ginsenosides and their monomers Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc Rb2 and Rd in the organs were determined by the Vanillin-sulfuric Colorimetry and HLPC methods, respectively. The expressions of the SQS and SQE genes in the organs were profiled by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: The biological accumulation of total ginsenosides and each of their monomers varied significantly (P<0.01) in different parts of P. quinquefolius.Except for ginsenoside monomer Rb 2, there were significantly positive correlations between total ginsenoside and monomers Re, Rg1, Rb1 and Rd (P<0.01). The expressions of both SQS and SQE genes were extremely significantly different among the 14 plant parts (P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with the biological accumulation of total ginsenoside and monomers, Re, Rg 1, Rb1 and Rd (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that the SQS and SQE genes play the important roles in the biosynthesis of total gingenosides and their monomers.